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	<title>Mesh 彙整 - 碼蟻創研工坊 - CODEANT STUDIOS</title>
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	<title>Mesh 彙整 - 碼蟻創研工坊 - CODEANT STUDIOS</title>
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	<item>
		<title>網狀路由協議 &#8211; OLSR Routing Protocol</title>
		<link>http://codeant.cc/archives/43</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[codeant]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 14 Jul 2013 01:01:47 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Netowrk]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mesh]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[OLSR]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[路由協議]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://codeant.cc/2013/07/14/olsr-routing-protocol/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>OLSR是一個運行於OSI第三層的網狀路由協議，以UDP的方式進行路由訊息封包的資料交換，所使用的連線端口（P [&#8230;]</p>
<p>這篇文章 <a href="http://codeant.cc/archives/43">網狀路由協議 &#8211; OLSR Routing Protocol</a> 最早出現於 <a href="http://codeant.cc">碼蟻創研工坊 - CODEANT STUDIOS</a>。</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px;">OLSR是一個運行於OSI第三層的網狀路由協議，以UDP的方式進行路由訊息封包的資料交換，所使用的連線端口（Port）為698；OLSR是目前使用最為廣泛的網狀路由協議，是屬於主動式的路由協議。</span></p>
<p>  <span id="more-43"></span>  </p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">該協議採用評估連結狀態（Link Status）的方式進行路由計算，因為採用連結狀態的路由方法，各節點必須取得完整的網路拓撲及每個節點間的路徑品質，為了避免因進行資料更新所造成的洪泛（flooding）現象，OLSR採用一種稱為Multi-Point Relay（MPR）的方式來降低系統負擔。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">OLSR使用二種封包進行路由資訊的建立與交換，為Hello Message（HM）與Topology Control（TC）。HM封包的主要功能為連結狀態感測（link sensing）、鄰近節點偵測（neighbor detection）、選擇MPR節點的信令（MPR selection signaling），在OLSR路由協議中，每個節點都會週期性的廣播HM封包，而且HM封包不能進行再廣播；而TC封包用於傳送目前的網路拓撲狀況，它只由MPR節點進行發送或再廣播，所以可以降低因為過多的廣播封包而產生的洪泛現象。</span></p>
<p><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=http%3A%2F%2Fcodeant.cc%2Farchives%2F43&amp;linkname=%E7%B6%B2%E7%8B%80%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E5%8D%94%E8%AD%B0%20%E2%80%93%20OLSR%20Routing%20Protocol" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_line" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/line?linkurl=http%3A%2F%2Fcodeant.cc%2Farchives%2F43&amp;linkname=%E7%B6%B2%E7%8B%80%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E5%8D%94%E8%AD%B0%20%E2%80%93%20OLSR%20Routing%20Protocol" title="Line" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_wechat" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/wechat?linkurl=http%3A%2F%2Fcodeant.cc%2Farchives%2F43&amp;linkname=%E7%B6%B2%E7%8B%80%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E5%8D%94%E8%AD%B0%20%E2%80%93%20OLSR%20Routing%20Protocol" title="WeChat" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_sina_weibo" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/sina_weibo?linkurl=http%3A%2F%2Fcodeant.cc%2Farchives%2F43&amp;linkname=%E7%B6%B2%E7%8B%80%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E5%8D%94%E8%AD%B0%20%E2%80%93%20OLSR%20Routing%20Protocol" title="Sina Weibo" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_qzone" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/qzone?linkurl=http%3A%2F%2Fcodeant.cc%2Farchives%2F43&amp;linkname=%E7%B6%B2%E7%8B%80%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E5%8D%94%E8%AD%B0%20%E2%80%93%20OLSR%20Routing%20Protocol" title="Qzone" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_linkedin" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/linkedin?linkurl=http%3A%2F%2Fcodeant.cc%2Farchives%2F43&amp;linkname=%E7%B6%B2%E7%8B%80%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E5%8D%94%E8%AD%B0%20%E2%80%93%20OLSR%20Routing%20Protocol" title="LinkedIn" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcodeant.cc%2Farchives%2F43&#038;title=%E7%B6%B2%E7%8B%80%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E5%8D%94%E8%AD%B0%20%E2%80%93%20OLSR%20Routing%20Protocol" data-a2a-url="http://codeant.cc/archives/43" data-a2a-title="網狀路由協議 – OLSR Routing Protocol"></a></p><p>這篇文章 <a href="http://codeant.cc/archives/43">網狀路由協議 &#8211; OLSR Routing Protocol</a> 最早出現於 <a href="http://codeant.cc">碼蟻創研工坊 - CODEANT STUDIOS</a>。</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>BATMAN-Advanced 之 MTU 與封包分割</title>
		<link>http://codeant.cc/archives/42</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[codeant]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 13 Jul 2013 00:50:56 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Netowrk]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Advanced]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[BATMANA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mesh]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[MTU]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://codeant.cc/2013/07/13/batman-advanced-mtu/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>BATMAN Advanced在處理封包的過程中，必須加上自定義的表頭來進行資料傳遞，在處理的過程中會有Max [&#8230;]</p>
<p>這篇文章 <a href="http://codeant.cc/archives/42">BATMAN-Advanced 之 MTU 與封包分割</a> 最早出現於 <a href="http://codeant.cc">碼蟻創研工坊 - CODEANT STUDIOS</a>。</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px;">BATMAN Advanced在處理封包的過程中，必須加上自定義的表頭來進行資料傳遞，在處理的過程中會有Maximum Transmission Unit（MTU）值太大的問題；</span></p>
<p>  <span id="more-42"></span>  </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">因為Ethernet的MTU值為1500 Bytes，此一數值也普遍被一般的網路裝置做為預設值，而BATMAN Advanced也以此值作為其預設的MTU值，因此再加上BATMAN Advanced的自定義表頭的長度後，就會超出MTU值，為了解決此一問題，BATMAN Advanced會進行封包分割（Packet Fragmentation）的動作，這部分被實作在unicast.c檔案中；要解決因MTU值過大而造成封包分割的問題，有下列二個方法：</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">1. &nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="line-height: normal;"></span>加大負責實際傳輸的網路裝置的MTU值，這個方法可以用在802.11或其他可允許MTU超過1524 Bytes（BATMAN Advanced的建議值）的裝置上使用，但在Ethernet裝置上並不適用。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">2. &nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="line-height: normal;"></span>縮小BATMAN Advanced本身的MTU值，將MTU調整至1476 Bytes（BATMAN Advanced的建議值）以下，此方法可用於Ethernet裝置上。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">如果來源端進行了封包分割的動作，目的端就必須進行封包聚合（Packet Aggregation）的動作，這樣的行為會加重系統的負擔；以封包分割來說，必須先分配記憶體（Memory Allocate），然後進行將資料複製到新分配的記憶體空間（Memory Copy），這些動作都會需要額外的作業時間（Operating Time）來完成；而BATMAN Advanced自定義的表頭長度不一，廣播封包的表頭長度為14 Bytes，單點直播封包的表頭長度為10 Bytes，一但進行封包分割，就會改用分割封包的表頭，其長度為20 Bytes，表頭耗損（Header Consumption）會加大，由10-14 Bytes變成40 Bytes，傳輸的封包總數也會大幅增加。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">下圖說明為何BATMAN Advanced會遇上MTU值太大的問題：</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class=" size-full wp-image-41" src="http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_batman-adv-mtu.jpg" alt="batman-adv-mtu" width="575" height="343" srcset="http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_batman-adv-mtu.jpg 575w, http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_batman-adv-mtu-300x179.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 575px) 100vw, 575px" /></span></p>
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]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>網狀路由協議 &#8211; BATMAN-Advanced 之 OGM 封包</title>
		<link>http://codeant.cc/archives/40</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[codeant]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 13 Jul 2013 00:21:49 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Netowrk]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Advanced]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[BATMAN]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mesh]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[OGM]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://codeant.cc/2013/07/13/batman-adv-ogm/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>目前BATMAN Advanced在新版本（2.6.38以後）的Linux內核已成為一個標準模組，BATMAN [&#8230;]</p>
<p>這篇文章 <a href="http://codeant.cc/archives/40">網狀路由協議 &#8211; BATMAN-Advanced 之 OGM 封包</a> 最早出現於 <a href="http://codeant.cc">碼蟻創研工坊 - CODEANT STUDIOS</a>。</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px;">目前BATMAN Advanced在新版本（2.6.38以後）的Linux內核已成為一個標準模組，BATMAN的設計目標是為了可以建置一個大型的網路，為了減少路由訊息封包所帶來的負擔，它只使用了一個名為Originator Messages（OGMs）的封包來進行路由資訊的建立。</span></p>
<p>  <span id="more-40"></span>  </p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px;">透過廣播與再廣播OGMs的方式交換路由資訊，以傳輸品質（Transmission Quality，簡稱TQ）做為路徑選擇的依據，TQ值的計算必須先取得接收品質（Receive Quality，簡稱RQ）與回聲品質（Echo Quality，簡稱EQ）這二個參考數值。我們先假設一情境，即Node A與Node B互為彼此的Best Hop，而步驟1與步驟3可同時進行，步驟2與步驟4可同時進行，則其路由資訊的建立步驟如下圖：</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">&nbsp;<img decoding="async" class=" size-full wp-image-39" src="http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_batman-adv-ogm.jpg" alt="batman-adv-ogm" width="544" height="245" srcset="http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_batman-adv-ogm.jpg 544w, http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_batman-adv-ogm-300x135.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 544px) 100vw, 544px" /></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">1. &nbsp; &nbsp;各網路節點以廣播的方式定期發送路由訊息封包即OGMs封包，其內容包含發送端位址，轉發節點位址，存活時間（Time To Live，簡稱TTL）值和序列號（Sequence Number），附近的鄰近節點計算已收到的OGMs封包數量作為RQ值，如圖的步驟1及步驟3。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="line-height: normal;"></span>檢查每個路由的資訊，選擇最好的單跳節點（Best Hop Neighbor）。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">3. &nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="line-height: normal;"></span>將最好的單跳節點傳送過來的OGMs封包進行再廣播，原始的OGMs封包發送節點透過接收到的再廣播OGMs數量可以得到EQ，如圖的步驟2及步驟4。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">4. &nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="line-height: normal;"></span>如果EQ值大於RQ，則TQ = max（TQ）；如果RQ值大於EQ，則TQ = max（TQ）&times; EQ &divide; RQ。</span></p>
<p><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=http%3A%2F%2Fcodeant.cc%2Farchives%2F40&amp;linkname=%E7%B6%B2%E7%8B%80%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E5%8D%94%E8%AD%B0%20%E2%80%93%20BATMAN-Advanced%20%E4%B9%8B%20OGM%20%E5%B0%81%E5%8C%85" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_line" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/line?linkurl=http%3A%2F%2Fcodeant.cc%2Farchives%2F40&amp;linkname=%E7%B6%B2%E7%8B%80%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E5%8D%94%E8%AD%B0%20%E2%80%93%20BATMAN-Advanced%20%E4%B9%8B%20OGM%20%E5%B0%81%E5%8C%85" title="Line" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_wechat" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/wechat?linkurl=http%3A%2F%2Fcodeant.cc%2Farchives%2F40&amp;linkname=%E7%B6%B2%E7%8B%80%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E5%8D%94%E8%AD%B0%20%E2%80%93%20BATMAN-Advanced%20%E4%B9%8B%20OGM%20%E5%B0%81%E5%8C%85" title="WeChat" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_sina_weibo" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/sina_weibo?linkurl=http%3A%2F%2Fcodeant.cc%2Farchives%2F40&amp;linkname=%E7%B6%B2%E7%8B%80%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E5%8D%94%E8%AD%B0%20%E2%80%93%20BATMAN-Advanced%20%E4%B9%8B%20OGM%20%E5%B0%81%E5%8C%85" title="Sina Weibo" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_qzone" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/qzone?linkurl=http%3A%2F%2Fcodeant.cc%2Farchives%2F40&amp;linkname=%E7%B6%B2%E7%8B%80%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E5%8D%94%E8%AD%B0%20%E2%80%93%20BATMAN-Advanced%20%E4%B9%8B%20OGM%20%E5%B0%81%E5%8C%85" title="Qzone" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_linkedin" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/linkedin?linkurl=http%3A%2F%2Fcodeant.cc%2Farchives%2F40&amp;linkname=%E7%B6%B2%E7%8B%80%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E5%8D%94%E8%AD%B0%20%E2%80%93%20BATMAN-Advanced%20%E4%B9%8B%20OGM%20%E5%B0%81%E5%8C%85" title="LinkedIn" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcodeant.cc%2Farchives%2F40&#038;title=%E7%B6%B2%E7%8B%80%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E5%8D%94%E8%AD%B0%20%E2%80%93%20BATMAN-Advanced%20%E4%B9%8B%20OGM%20%E5%B0%81%E5%8C%85" data-a2a-url="http://codeant.cc/archives/40" data-a2a-title="網狀路由協議 – BATMAN-Advanced 之 OGM 封包"></a></p><p>這篇文章 <a href="http://codeant.cc/archives/40">網狀路由協議 &#8211; BATMAN-Advanced 之 OGM 封包</a> 最早出現於 <a href="http://codeant.cc">碼蟻創研工坊 - CODEANT STUDIOS</a>。</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>網狀路由協議 &#8211; BATMAN-Advanced Routing Protocol</title>
		<link>http://codeant.cc/archives/38</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[codeant]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 13 Jul 2013 00:07:43 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Netowrk]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[BATMAN]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mesh]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[自組網]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://codeant.cc/2013/07/13/batman-adv-protocol/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>BATMAN（Better Approach to Mobile Ad-hoc Networking）是一個主 [&#8230;]</p>
<p>這篇文章 <a href="http://codeant.cc/archives/38">網狀路由協議 &#8211; BATMAN-Advanced Routing Protocol</a> 最早出現於 <a href="http://codeant.cc">碼蟻創研工坊 - CODEANT STUDIOS</a>。</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px;">BATMAN（Better Approach to Mobile Ad-hoc Networking）是一個主動式的網狀路由協議，採用距離向量的路由方法，目前該協議同時存在二個版本。</span></p>
<p>  <span id="more-38"></span>  </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">原本BATMAN路由協議是運行在OSI第三層，與大多數的OSI第三層的網狀路由協議相同，採用User Datagram Protocol（UDP）的傳輸方式。BATMAN Advanced，是一個運行在OSI第二層的版本，其核心的技術與原本OSI第三層的路由協議版本並無不同，BATMAN Advanced於2007年進行第一次發佈（Release）；開發團隊改以Linux內核模組的方式進行實作，因為其運作在內核空間，可以直接將封包進行傳送，所以可以避免校驗合（Checksum）計算的負擔。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">當BATMAN Advanced內核模組被載入後，會產生一虛擬網路介面，其真正的資料傳輸必須透過真實的網路介面來進行，這個過程稱為捆綁（Binding），可以同時綑綁許多個真實的網路介面，例如Ethernet或是802.11。BATMAN Advanced會向內核註冊一個新的OSI第二層通訊協議，編號為十六進制的0x4305，被定義為ETH_P_BATMAN，當真實的網路介面收到此一類型的封包後，會將封包重導向至BATMAN Advanced內核模組進行處理。</span></p>
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]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>網狀路由協議之 802.11s 表頭處理與轉換</title>
		<link>http://codeant.cc/archives/37</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[codeant]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Jul 2013 22:59:35 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Netowrk]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[802.11s]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[header]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mesh]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[表頭]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://codeant.cc/2013/07/13/80211s-header-transfer/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>我們在此設定一個情境，為802.11s表頭中的6個Address欄位，做處理及轉換上的流程說明；假設來源端為一 [&#8230;]</p>
<p>這篇文章 <a href="http://codeant.cc/archives/37">網狀路由協議之 802.11s 表頭處理與轉換</a> 最早出現於 <a href="http://codeant.cc">碼蟻創研工坊 - CODEANT STUDIOS</a>。</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px;">我們在此設定一個情境，為802.11s表頭中的6個Address欄位，做處理及轉換上的流程說明；假設來源端為一乙太網路（Ethernet）裝置，連接至MAP-1，目的端為一般的802.11裝置，與MAP-2連接，而MAP-1與MAP-2需要一台MP進行轉發，則資料傳輸方向為Source -&gt;&nbsp;MAP-1 -&gt;&nbsp;MP -&gt;&nbsp;MAP-2 -&gt;&nbsp;Destination，表頭的處理與轉換流程如下：</span></p>
<p>  <span id="more-37"></span>  </p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif;"><img decoding="async" class=" size-full wp-image-36" src="http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_80211s-header-transformer.jpg" alt="80211s-header-transformer" width="590" height="320" srcset="http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_80211s-header-transformer.jpg 590w, http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_80211s-header-transformer-300x163.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 590px) 100vw, 590px" /></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">1. &nbsp; &nbsp;</span>Source<span style="line-height: 150%;">使用</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">Ethernet</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">的表頭將資料傳送至</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">MAP-1</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">2. &nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">MAP-1</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">將</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">Ethernet</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">表頭的</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">Destination MAC Address</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">填入</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">802.11s Address 5</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">，</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">Ethernet</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">表頭的</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">Source MAC Address</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">填入</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">802.11s Address 6</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">；</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">802.11s Address 1</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">為</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">MP</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">，</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">Address 2</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">為</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">MAP-1</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">；</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">Address 3</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">為</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">MAP-2</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">，</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">Address 4 </span><span style="line-height: 150%;">為</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">MAP-1</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">；完成後將資料傳送至</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">MP</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">3. &nbsp; &nbsp;</span>MP<span style="line-height: 150%;">將</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">802.11s Address 1</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">改為</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">MAP-2</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">，</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">Address 2</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">改為</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">MP</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">，其餘的</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">Address</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">欄位保持不變；完成後將資料傳送至</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">MAP-2</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">4. &nbsp; &nbsp;</span>MAP-2<span style="line-height: 150%;">收到資料後，會改以一般的</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">802.11</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">表頭傳送至</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">Destination</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">，</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">802.11</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">的</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">Address 1</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">為</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">Destination</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">，</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">802.11</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">的</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">Address 2</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">為</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">MAP-2</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">本身，將</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">802.11s</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">的</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">Address 5</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">填入</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">802.11</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">的</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">Address 3</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">；完成後將資料傳送至</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">Destination</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">。</span></span></p>
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		<item>
		<title>網狀路由協議之 802.11s 表頭格式與定義</title>
		<link>http://codeant.cc/archives/35</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[codeant]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Jul 2013 21:58:21 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Netowrk]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[802.11s]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[header]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mesh]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[表頭]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://codeant.cc/2013/07/13/80211s-header-format/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>在表頭（Header）長度上，802.11s比起一般的802.11還要多4～16 Bytes，之所以會有不固定 [&#8230;]</p>
<p>這篇文章 <a href="http://codeant.cc/archives/35">網狀路由協議之 802.11s 表頭格式與定義</a> 最早出現於 <a href="http://codeant.cc">碼蟻創研工坊 - CODEANT STUDIOS</a>。</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px;">在表頭（Header）長度上，802.11s比起一般的802.11還要多4～16 Bytes，之所以會有不固定的長度，是因為在Mesh表頭上的最後二個欄位是依情況而定。</span></div>
<p>  <span id="more-35"></span>  </p>
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">&nbsp;<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" size-full wp-image-33" src="http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_80211s-header-format.jpg" alt="80211s-header-format" width="608" height="294" srcset="http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_80211s-header-format.jpg 608w, http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_80211s-header-format-300x145.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 608px) 100vw, 608px" /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">在進行單點直播資料傳輸的時候，這二個欄位會啟用，其餘的封包則是可用也可不用，而前面三個欄位則是固定的，所有的封包都必須使用，所以Mesh表頭最小長度為4 Bytes；Address 5為目的端位址，Address 6為來源端位址，也就是說在802.11s的表頭中，最多會出現6個Media Access Control（MAC）位址，這些欄位的用途說明如下：</span></div>
<div style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">1.&nbsp;Address 1與Address 2：這二個欄位用於節點的直接連線（Direct Link）傳輸，Address 1是目的端位址，Address 2是來源端位址。</span></div>
<div style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">2.&nbsp;Address 3與Address 4：這二個欄位用於Mesh網路中節點的點對點連線（Peer-To-Peer Link，簡稱P2P）傳輸，Address 3是目的端位址，Address 4是來源端位址。</span></div>
<div style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">3.&nbsp;Address 4與Address 5：這二個欄位是用於節點的終端對終端連線（End-To-End Link，簡稱E2E）傳輸，Address 5是目的端位址，Address 6是來源端位址，意即這二個位址記載著整個資料傳輸過程中真正的目的端與來源端位址。</span></div>
<div style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">下圖為說明在802.11s的資料傳輸過程中，其Direct Link、P2P、E2E三個連線間的區別：</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">&nbsp;<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" size-full wp-image-34" src="http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_80211s-link-define.jpg" alt="80211s-link-define" width="576" height="315" srcset="http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_80211s-link-define.jpg 576w, http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_80211s-link-define-300x164.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px" /></span></div>
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		<item>
		<title>802.11s RMAODV 被動式路由協議(Mesh Routing Protocol)</title>
		<link>http://codeant.cc/archives/29</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[codeant]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Jul 2013 01:02:52 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Netowrk]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[802.11s]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mesh]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[RMAODV]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[路由協議]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://codeant.cc/2013/07/11/80211s-rmaodv-mesh-routing-protocol/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>802.11s RMAODV全名為Radio Metric Ad hoc On-Demand Distance [&#8230;]</p>
<p>這篇文章 <a href="http://codeant.cc/archives/29">802.11s RMAODV 被動式路由協議(Mesh Routing Protocol)</a> 最早出現於 <a href="http://codeant.cc">碼蟻創研工坊 - CODEANT STUDIOS</a>。</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px;">802.11s RMAODV全名為Radio Metric Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Radio，是一個運行在OSI第二層的網狀路由協議，屬於被動式的路由協議，採用距離向量的路由方法，是由目前使用率最高的被動式路由協議Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector（AODV）演化而來。</span></p>
<p>  <span id="more-29"></span>  </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">不同的是在802.11s中PREQ封包有Target Only（TO）的旗標（flag）設定，所以在RMAODV協議中可以透過TO旗標設定成只有目的地可以回傳PREP，這是為了減少路由資訊封包在交換過程中所帶來的系統負擔，而AODV路由協議則是只要知道目的地的路徑的中間節點都可回傳PREP。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">802.11s其系統組成主要由下列三個裝置組成，其組成架構如圖:</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif;">&nbsp;<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" size-full wp-image-26" src="http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_80211s-network-arch.jpg" alt="80211s-network-arch" width="491" height="382" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" srcset="http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_80211s-network-arch.jpg 491w, http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_80211s-network-arch-300x233.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 491px) 100vw, 491px" /></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">1.<span style="line-height: normal;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span><strong>Mesh Portal Point</strong><strong>（</strong><strong>MPP</strong><strong>）</strong>：具有網路閘道（Gateway）的功能，負責與外部網路連結，如網際網路（Internet）。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">2.<span style="line-height: normal;">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span><strong>Mesh Point</strong><strong>（</strong><strong>MP</strong><strong>）</strong>：此裝置負責了路由及資料轉發的功能，在同一個網狀網路基本服務組（Mesh Basic Service Set，簡稱MBSS）下，MP之間可以直接通信。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">3.<span style="line-height: normal;">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span><strong>Mesh Access Point</strong><strong>（</strong><strong>MAP</strong><strong>）</strong>：MAP負責與傳統的網路設備連接，並將資料轉送到MP，扮演MBSS與一般基本服務組（Basis Service Set，簡稱BSS）的中介橋梁。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">802.11s RMAODV路由協議使用了三種路由訊息封包，分別為路徑要求（Path Request，簡稱PREQ）、路徑回覆（Path Reply，簡稱PREP）、路徑錯誤（Path Error，簡稱PERR）[10][12]。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">其路由建立的步驟如下圖：</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">&nbsp;<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" size-full wp-image-27" src="http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_80211s-rmaodv-step.jpg" alt="80211s-rmaodv-step" width="549" height="395" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" srcset="http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_80211s-rmaodv-step.jpg 549w, http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_80211s-rmaodv-step-300x216.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 549px) 100vw, 549px" /></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">1. &nbsp; &nbsp;當發送端（Source）需要傳送資料時，以廣播的方式送出PREQ封包。</span><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">2.<span style="line-height: normal;">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span>鄰近節點收到發送端的PREQ封包後，進行再廣播（Re-Broadcast），藉此傳遞PREQ封包到達目的端（Destination）。</span><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">3.<span style="line-height: normal;">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span>目的端收到PREQ封包後，以單點直播（Unicast）的方式回覆PREP封包。</span><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">4.<span style="line-height: normal;">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span>PREP封包傳遞過程中，每一個節點都會選擇最佳的下一跳節點進行轉發，而收到PREP封包的節點會選擇將PREP封包傳送過來的節點作為到達目的端的路徑。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">5.<span style="line-height: normal;">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span>當發送端收到PREP封包後，路由資訊即建立完成，這樣由目的端往來源端方向確認路由的方式，也稱為反向路由（Reverse routing）。</span><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">6.<span style="line-height: normal;">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span>當發送端發現路由出現錯誤時，會以廣播的方式送出PERR封包，鄰近節點進行再廣播，通知各節點刪除現有的路由資訊，並回到第1步驟重新建立路由。</span><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;802.11s RMAODV透過下面算式進行路徑選擇，其中Ca為連線品質，O為額外時間，Bt為訊框長度，r為傳輸速率（transmission rate），ef為訊框（frame）傳輸的錯誤率。Ca值越小代表路徑品質越好，算式中r與ef，反應了節點間的無線訊號品質，當訊號品質下降，會導致ef值上升及r值下降。</span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 24.1pt; text-indent: -24.1pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 24.1pt; text-indent: -24.1pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 標楷體;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 標楷體;"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" size-full wp-image-28" src="http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_80211s-cost.jpg" alt="80211s-cost" width="140" height="63" /></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: 標楷體;"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 標楷體;"></span></p>
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		<item>
		<title>網狀路由協議 &#8211; 802.11s Mesh Standard</title>
		<link>http://codeant.cc/archives/25</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[codeant]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 10 Jul 2013 23:57:45 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Netowrk]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[802.11s]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[HWMP]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mesh]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[自組網]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://codeant.cc/2013/07/11/80211s-mesh-standard-1/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>802.11s Mesh Standard所使用的路由協議名稱為Hybrid Wireless Mesh Pr [&#8230;]</p>
<p>這篇文章 <a href="http://codeant.cc/archives/25">網狀路由協議 &#8211; 802.11s Mesh Standard</a> 最早出現於 <a href="http://codeant.cc">碼蟻創研工坊 - CODEANT STUDIOS</a>。</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px;">802.11s Mesh Standard所使用的路由協議名稱為Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol（HWMP），它是一個運行OSI第二層的網狀路由協議，可以使用被動式或是主動式的路由協議。</span></p>
<p>  <span id="more-25"></span>  </p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" size-full wp-image-24" src="http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_hwmp-protocol.jpg" alt="hwmp-protocol" width="455" height="338" srcset="http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_hwmp-protocol.jpg 455w, http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_hwmp-protocol-300x223.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 455px) 100vw, 455px" /></span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">802.11s為電機電子工程師學會（Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers，簡稱IEEE）所制定的標準，此路由協議已被實作為Linux內核中的標準模組之一（Project open80211s），為最廣為人知的OSI第二層網狀路由協議之一。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">802.11s包含了四種路由訊息封包，分別為根節點宣告（Root Announcement，簡稱RANN）、路徑要求（Path Request，簡稱PREQ）、路徑回覆（Path Reply，簡稱PREP）、路徑錯誤（Path Error，簡稱PERR）。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif;">802.11s的主動式路由協議會建立起一個樹狀的路由拓撲（tree based routing），根節點（Root Node）可透過二種方式建立起路由表，一種是採用RANN封包，另一種是用PREQ封包，差別在於採用RANN封包的方式其PREQ是由根節點以外的裝置以單點直播（Unicast）的方式送出給根節點，而根節點必須回覆PREP封包，但在採用PREQ封包的方式中，不會使用到PREP封包，而且PREQ封包是由根節點發出，主動式路由所建立出的路由表是用來與根節點進行通訊，若節點間需要點對點直接通訊，就會使用被動式的路由協議，與除此之外，主動式的路由協議還可以選用Radio Aware Optimized Link State Routing （RAOLSR）的方式，運作機制與OLSR路由協議類似。</span></p>
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>淺談無線自組網之WMN (無線網狀網路-Wireless Mesh Network)</title>
		<link>http://codeant.cc/archives/21</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[codeant]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Jul 2013 21:54:53 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Netowrk]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mesh]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wireless]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[無線網狀網路]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[無線自組網]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://codeant.cc/2013/07/10/wireless-mesh-network/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>無線網狀網路（Wireless Mesh Network），簡稱WMN，可以定義為一使用無線訊號傳輸且其網路拓 [&#8230;]</p>
<p>這篇文章 <a href="http://codeant.cc/archives/21">淺談無線自組網之WMN (無線網狀網路-Wireless Mesh Network)</a> 最早出現於 <a href="http://codeant.cc">碼蟻創研工坊 - CODEANT STUDIOS</a>。</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px;">無線網狀網路（Wireless Mesh Network），簡稱WMN，可以定義為一使用無線訊號傳輸且其網路拓撲為網狀結構的網路，WMN同樣有多重跳躍轉發的功能特性，MANET為WMN網路架構分類中的其中一種與不同MANET的是，在WMN的網路中，基礎建設裝置的需要與否，視其採用了哪一種網路架構而決定，而根據其網路架構的不同，可以將WMN分為以下三種：</span></p>
<p>  <span id="more-21"></span>  </p>
<p style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Infrastructure Wireless Mesh Networks</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">：由具有網狀路由功能的設備擔任基礎建設裝置的角色，透過其進行資料傳遞，客戶端的設備彼此無法進行直接通訊，能只有在骨幹（</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">backbone</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">）線路上的裝置才具備多重跳躍轉發的特性，這樣的架構可以讓傳統的網路裝置也使用此網路。</span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" size-full wp-image-19" src="http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_infrastructure-wireless-mesh-networks.jpg" alt="infrastructure-wireless-mesh-networks" width="607" height="350" srcset="http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_infrastructure-wireless-mesh-networks.jpg 702w, http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_infrastructure-wireless-mesh-networks-300x173.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 607px) 100vw, 607px" /></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Client Wireless Mesh Networks</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">：此架構與</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">MANET</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">相同，每一個網路節點是彼此對等，資料的傳遞無須仰賴基礎建設，是一由許多的客戶（</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Client</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">）端設備組成的網路。</span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" size-full wp-image-11" src="http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_client-wireless-mesh-network.jpg" alt="client-wireless-mesh-network" width="564" height="350" srcset="http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_client-wireless-mesh-network.jpg 679w, http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_client-wireless-mesh-network-300x186.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 564px) 100vw, 564px" /></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Hybrid Wireless Mesh Networks</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">：複合式架構可以允許上述二種架構的特性同時存在於網路中，客戶端可以是使用網狀路由協議（</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Mesh Routing Protocol</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">）的設備，也支援傳統的網路裝置來使用此網路。</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" size-full wp-image-20" src="http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_hybrid-wireless-mesh-networks.jpg" alt="hybrid-wireless-mesh-networks" width="472" height="350" srcset="http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_hybrid-wireless-mesh-networks.jpg 671w, http://codeant.cc/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/images_phocagallery_Network_hybrid-wireless-mesh-networks-300x223.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 472px) 100vw, 472px" /></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">上述三種</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">WMNs</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">的網路架構，主要差別為是否允許不支援網狀路由功能的網路設備運行於其中，但在資料傳遞的過程中皆由網狀路由協議擔任主要的路由工作。</span></span></span></span></p>
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